Array in C++

C++ provides a data structure, the array, which stores a fixed-size sequential collection of elements of the same type. An array is used to store a collection of data, but it is often more useful to think of an array as a collection of variables of the same type.

Instead of declaring individual variables, such as number0, number1, ..., and number99, you declare one array variable such as numbers and use numbers[0], numbers[1], and ..., numbers[99] to represent individual variables. A specific element in an array is accessed by an index.

All arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. The lowest address corresponds to the first element and the highest address to the last element.

Declaring Arrays:-

To declare an array in C++, the programmer specifies the type of the elements and the number of elements required by.

type arrayName [arraySize];

This is called a single-dimension array. The arraySize must be an integer constant greater than zero and type can be any valid C++ data type. For example, to declare a 10-element array called balance of type double, use this statement.

Double balance[10];

Initializing Arrays:-

You can initialize C++ array elements either one by one or using a single statement as.

double balance[] = {100.0,2.0,3.9,17.9};

The above statement assigns element number 5^th in the array a value of 50.0. Array with 4^th index will be 5^th, i.e., last element because all arrays have 0 as the index of their first element which is also called base index. 

Accessing Array Elements

An element is accessed by indexing the array name. This is done by placing the index of the element within square brackets after the name of the array.

double salary = balance [9];